Kingdoms such as the Minaean, Sabaen, and the Himyarite controlled the spice trade from Yemen for hundreds of years. March 2015: The Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen begins with the stated goals of reversing the Houthi military conquest of Yemen, restoring the Hadi government to Sana’a, securing Saudi Arabia’s southern border from Houthi raids and air-strikes, and preventing outside (e.g., Iranian) interference on the Arabian Peninsula. A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Yemen. 1970: The People’s Republic becomes the Marxist People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, known as South Yemen, a client state of Moscow. ), A pivotal crossroads for trade and travel, Yemen in antiquity became home to a mix of people and faiths. That's why Infoplease has plucked out essential details to get you started. Yemen's history dates back to 1200 BCE to 650 BCE and 750 BCE to 115 BCE with the Minaean and Sabaean kingdoms. Dhu Nuwas, the last monarch of the powerful Himyarite dynasty, was a convert to Judaism who warred with another Yemeni kingdom ruled by Ethiopian Christians around 523 AD. © 2019 TIME USA, LLC. Ansar Allah was founded in the early nineties in Yemen’s northern province of Saada. (See the search for the historical queen of Sheba. Brief History of Yemen: Yemen was a center of civilization as long as 3000 years ago. The history of Yemen is long and complex. There are over 100,000 Yemenis of Indian origin residing in the southern parts of Yemen around Hodeidah, Mokha, Lahaj, Shihr, Mukalla, and Aden. 2014: Houthi-Sunni clashes in the summer complicate implementation of the NDC outcome. (See the search for the historical queen of Sheba. In pre-Islamic times, the area that encompasses the present-day Republic of Yemen was called Arabia Felix—happy or prosperous Arabia—and was ruled by a number of indigenous dynasties in several different kingdoms. Among other things, the NDC document extends Hadi’s term for a year to oversee conclusion of the transition and multi-party elections, gives 50-50 representation between north and south in a legislative body, and guarantees freedom of religion and a non-sectarian state. Yemen has played a small by significant role in world history. 1839 - Aden comes under British rule, and when the Suez … Yemen's recent history is one of division and bloodshed. It was invaded by the Romans (1st century A.D.) as well as the Ethiopians and Persians (6th century A.D.). Posted on September 20, 2011 by entrd731. The two Yemens eventually formed a united republic in 1990, but their politics had been marked for decades by infighting, assassination attempts and the specter of military coup. In the ancient world, the states that occupied the area known today as Yemen controlled the supply of such important … In 1832, soldiers of the British East India Company captured Aden, which they saw as a strategic waypoint between Europe and their colonial possessions in India. This is especially true today with the war in Yemen. Concerns grow about AQAP and the United States trains Yemeni counter-terrorism forces and uses armed drones to target suspected terrorist leaders. The history of Yemen is one of contrasts: the south was home to a Marxist state while the north was a right-wing republic. Background Yemen’s civil war began in 2014 when Houthi insurgents—Shiite rebels with links to Iran and a history of rising up against the Sunni government—took control of … The most important cultural, social, and political event in Yemen’s history was the coming of Islam around A.D. 630. Today: More than two and a half years later, Yemen’s war consists of several distinct but overlapping parts – Houthis vs. the Saudi-led coalition, Houthis against Yemeni Sunnis in places such as Ta’izz, a southern independence insurgency against both Houthi-controlled Sana’s and the Hadi government, an anti-terrorism campaign, and a Saudi-Iranian proxy war. Yemen has a long and ancient history of rule by a series of kingdoms, the greatest of which was established by the Sabaeans in Ma’rib, often referred to as the Kingdom of Sheba. By the 19th century, Yemen's modern political contours were taking shape with the region a chess piece in the hands of foreign powers. During 1000 BC the three most successful civilization, Minean, Sabaean, and Himyarite ruled the southern part of Saudi Arabian Peninsula. 1960s: A military rebellion and six-year civil war in the 1960s, in which Saudi Arabia and Egypt backed opposite sides, overthrows the kingdom and establishes the Yemen Arab Republic. Within this chaos, the U.S. has reportedly embarked on a CIA-led covert war, using drones and elite units of special forces to target al-Qaeda operatives. The most famous example of this architecture is at Shibam, a UNESCO World Heritage Site where much remains as it was 600 years ago. This is when the political contours of today’s Yemen really started to emerge, with distinct northern and southern regions, whose tribal, religious, and geographic divisions still complicate Yemeni politics today. On his way to India, the apostle Thomas is said to have stopped at the Yemeni island of Socotra — some 200 miles south of the country's mainland, near present day Somalia — and established one of the oldest Christian communities in the world. Again, in the 19th Century, North Yemen was under the Ottoman Turks, and in some brief periods, controlled the South. Cole off Aden's harbor. The Ottoman Empire extended its control over Arabia south from the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, seizing Sana'a and nearby towns. All rights reserved. Depending on what reports you read, the country is either Afghanistan on the sea or the next Somalia, or both. and Sabaean (750–115 B.C.) Fax: 202.887.9021, Peace, Human Rights, And Humanitarian Response. In 1904, the Ottomans and the British agreed on a boundary separating their spheres of control, carving Yemen into an Ottoman North and a British South. Not long after unification, disputes over power sharing led to leaders from the South declaring a separate state, but a swift and ruthless campaign in May 1994 quashed this rebellion. Yemen has played a small by significant role in world history. The north's superior forces quickly overwhelmed the south in May and early June despite the south's brief declaration of succession. 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 300 United Nations Foundation 2000: 17 U.S. personnel are killed in the October bombing of the USS Cole in Aden, focusing international attention on a rapidly expanding terrorist threat inside ungoverned areas in Yemen in the form of an offshoot of Al Qaida known as Al Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). 2014: The NDC outcome is released and praised inside and outside Yemen as a model of compromise and of inclusive representation. When the Ottoman Empire crumbled at the end of the First World War, its slice of Yemeni territory became an independent kingdom led by a Zaidi imam. 1918: Shia imams declare a kingdom in North Yemen and gain independence from the Ottoman Empire. History of Yemen and Their Language The history of Yemen was 3,000 years ago. Respite will come when global and regional powers implement and enforce an end to hostilities, deliver protected, uninterrupted, and large-scale humanitarian assistance, and reach a political settlement that puts the needs of the Yemeni people first and foremost. Washington, D.C. 20006 Yemeni journalist and activist Tawakkul Karman becomes the face of the protests for her role in organizing demands for respect for human rights and is later jointly awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize. Knowing defeat was upon him, or so the legend goes, Dhu Nuwas rode his horse into the Red Sea and drowned. Many sought to control this rich land over the years. Ancient Yemen (centered around the port of Aden) engaged in the lucrative myrrh and frankincense trade. (The U.S. has voiced plans to set up an air base on the island to better coordinate counter-terrorism operations.) President Harry Truman sent the first American diplomatic mission to Yemen in 1946. In Yemen: History For more than two millennia prior to the arrival of Islam, Yemen was the home of a series of powerful and wealthy city-states and empires whose prosperity was largely based upon their control over the production of frankincense and myrrh, two… The United States has usually not had a Yemen policy—rather, its policy toward Yemen is a subset of its policy toward Saudi Arabia. Much of the country is still divided along local tribes, which further complicates dealing with the rebellions of separatists such as the Shi'ite Houthi, who are allegedly backed by Iran. The Queen of Sheba in the Hebrew Bible and the Three Wise Men of the New Testament are traditionally linked to Yemen. Some of the pr… Here is a very concise history of Yemen. After the Eagles Landed: The Yemenites of Israel , 1994. In the first century, it was invaded by the Romans, followed by Persia and Ethiopia in the sixth century. Islam came to Yemen soon after its rise in the 6th century AD as much of the Middle East fell under the sway of a succession of powerful caliphs. The policy of drone strikes draws criticism for resulting in civilian deaths. There are numerous hereditary-caste groups in Yemen’s urban center like Al-Akhdam. February 2015: Hadi and his cabinet, after briefly being held hostage by the Houthis, flee to Saudi Arabia, leaving the Houthis in practical, if not legal, control of the institutions of the state. The Rise Of The Houthis: A Brief History Of Yemen’s New Power Brokers The past week has seen heavy fighting in the capital Saana, where the Houthis have gained almost complete control. Then known as the Believing Youth, residents of Saada had grown tired of the meddling … The history, culture, economy, and population of Yemen have all been influenced by the country’s strategic location at the southern entrance of the Red Sea—a crossroads of both ancient and modern trade and communications routes. 2012: As part of the GCC initiative, Saleh receives immunity from local prosecution and Hadi runs unopposed for a two-year term as transitional president. The world’s worst humanitarian crisis is unfolding in Yemen. Its once fertile plains were irrigated with the aid of the great Ma'rib Dam built around 700 B.C. Concerned about instability in their backyards, Yemen’s Gulf neighbors draw on U.S. support and their own financial muscle to persuade President Saleh to resign in favor of his Vice President, Abderabbu Mansour al-Hadi, in a transitional arrangement known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) initiative. Yemen has been troubled by civil wars for decades, but the current conflict intensified in March 2015 when a Saudi-led coalition intervened on behalf of the internationally recognised government against Houthi rebels aligned with the former president Ali Abdullah Saleh.The war is widely regarded as having turned a It covers around 2,500 years in 8 paragraphs so it certainly is not an in-depth look but does provide a solid general overview and is a quick read. Two U.S. administrations have backed the Saudi intervention in the civil war in its smaller and much … 19th Century: The Formation of Today’s Yemen. Poverty, corruption and the hopelessly weak rule of law form the backdrop to al-Qaeda's entry into the country, signaled most strongly in the 2000 bombing of the U.S.S. During this time, society in Yemen centered around trade. Time Magazine- Brief History of Yemen. Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. The Torturous Quest for Unity 1990–1994 , 1996. 1839: As part of their Empire, the British set up a protectorate around the port city of Aden and rule southeastern Yemen. Summary. The Romans referred to the area as Arabia Felix, or "Happy Arabia." Let's retrace on an animated map a summary of the history of Yemen and the various conflicts that have ravaged the country since its unification in 1990. Changing Veils: Women and Modernisation in North Yemen , 1979. But If Washington believes it can wholly guide Yemen away from dysfunction, it has its hands full — as in Afghanistan, foreign intervention here has little record of success and, invariably, has caused more harm than good. April 2015: While not endorsing military action itself, the UN Security Council adopts Resolution 2216, endorsing the political goals of Houthi military surrender and return to UN-facilitated political talks. 2008: Eighteen Yemenis are killed in a September 2008 terrorist attack against the U.S. Embassy in the capital Sana’a. New York, NY 10017 A chronology of key events: 1500s - Ottomans absorb part of Yemen into their empire, but are expelled in the 1600s. After the lecture, the students will complete a brief Partner Writing about the content in the lecture. the history of Yemen from ancient South Arabian kingdoms to the present (Yemen’s population is 40-45% Zayidi Shia, with Sunni Muslims making up most of the remainder. 320 East 43rd Street, 3rd Floor Yemen's wealth was based on its trade in frankincense, myrrh, and spices. But Yemen — which means South Arabia in Arabic — was for centuries the center of civilization and wealth on the Arabian peninsula. A secessionist movement in the former South Yemen led to a brief civil war in 1994. History of Yemen . Until the early 1960s, the country was ruled by a monarchy in the north and the British in the south. Since then, Yemen has fallen into Washington's crosshairs as a new front in the war against Al Qaeda. In the meantime, Yemeni cities flourished — today's capital Sana'a and the principal port, Aden, grew into important medieval centers for textiles and spices. ), (See pictures of the alien beauty of Socotra. For a while Yemen was doing so well that the Romans called the area “Arabia Felix,” flourishing (or happy) Arabia. Even before the current war, this desert nation on the edge of the Arabian peninsula, home to 28 million people, was already the poorest country in the Arab world. 2013: Backed by the Security Council and as called for in the GCC initiative, UN Special Envoy Jamal Benomar facilitates a Yemeni National Dialogue Conference (NDC), with participation from Yemen’s diverse political groups (including representatives from the restive south and the Houthi political party named Ansar Allah) and civil society. After a faction of radical Marxists took over in 1970, South Yemen became the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and was propped up by a host of communist backers, the Soviet Union chief among them. 2011: One such drone strike kills AQAP leader (and U.S. citizen) Anwar al-Awlaki. It wasn’t always that way, but Yemen’s complex history can help us understand the current conflict. With victory in any of these wars elusive, the losers are the Yemeni people enduring the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. Yemeni unification took place on 22 May 1990, when the Yemen Arab Republic in the North was united with People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in the south, forming the Republic of Yemen under the Presidency of North Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared on Order from Chaos. In Yemen's eastern Hadhramaut region, caravan towns developed into fortified settlements now thought to be the oldest "skyscraper" cities in the world, where, to stave off Bedouin attacks, residents lived in multi-story mud-brick towers. Imams from the Shi'ite Zaidi sect installed theocratic rule in the northern part of Yemen by the 9th century, a political order whose influence has lasted effectively into the past century, notwithstanding a few interruptions by marauding Turkic warlords. 1967: The British leave southern Yemen, and the People’s Republic of Southern Yemen is created. Soon after unification, President Ali Abdullah Saleh provokes a crisis with Yemen’s Gulf neighbors and the United States by refusing to condemn Saddam Hussein’s August 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Leaders in both north and south Yemen face periodic civil uprisings and restive tribes. 2004: As the United States and others push President Saleh to concentrate on fighting AQAP, Saleh launches a series of brutal battles, backed by Saudi Arabia, against northern Yemeni Zayidi Shia fighters known as Houthis, whom he accuses of separatism and of trying to impose their religious orthodoxy on the state.

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